Tuvalu 2009 CANNAE 216 BC Famous Battles History $1 Oz Silver Proof in FULL OGP

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Item: 184410438123

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Return shipping will be paid by:Buyer
All returns accepted:Returns Accepted
Item must be returned within:14 Days
Refund will be given as:Money Back
Country/Region of Manufacture:Australia
Certification:In full original mint packaging OGP + CoA
Finish:Proof with Color
Grade:Proof Uncirculated
Type:Commemorative
Year:2009
Circulated/Uncirculated:Uncirculated Proof
Composition:Pure Silver
Denomination:$1 One Dollar

In Stock and Ready for Immediate Shipment! Long SOLD OUT at the Perth Mint! Roman legions were stunned by the overwhelming defeat inflicted upon them by Carthaginian General Hannibal, master tactician! The Battle of Cannae was a major battle of the Second Punic War, taking place on August 2, 216 BC near the town of Cannae in Apulia in southeast Italy. The army of Carthage under Hannibal decisively defeated a much larger army of the Roman Republic under command of the consuls Lucius Aemilius Paullus and Gaius Terentius Varro. Hannibal had already proven his boldness and mettle by invading Roman Italy and famously crossing the Alps with his army, which include 30 elephants from Africa (as depicted on this coin)! The Battle of Cannae is regarded as one of the greatest tactical feats in military history and, in terms of the numbers killed, the second greatest defeat of Rome. With over 50,000 men killed on both sides (and as many as 80,000), it also counts as one of the single bloodiest days in the annals of military history. Having recovered from their previous losses at Trebia (218 BC) and Trasimene (217 BC), the Romans decided to engage Hannibal at Cannae, with roughly 87,000 Roman and allied troops. The Romans massed their heavy infantry in a deeper formation than usual while Hannibal utilized the double-envelopment tactic. He lured the Romans in with a weak center, then crushed their infantry from both sides with the might of his cavalry. This was so successful that the Roman army was destroyed as a fighting force. Following the Battle of Cannae, Capua and several other Italian city-states defected from the Roman Republic. For a brief time, the Romans were in complete disarray. Their best armies on the Italian peninsula were destroyed, the few remnants severely demoralized, and the only remaining consul (Varro) completely discredited. It was a complete catastrophe for the Romans. As the story goes, Rome declared a national day of mourning, as there was not a single person in Rome who was not either related to or acquainted with a person who had died. The Romans became so desperate that they resorted to human sacrifice, twice burying people alive at the Forum of Rome and abandoning an oversized baby in the Adriatic Sea (perhaps one of the last recorded instances of human sacrifices the Romans would perform). Incredibly, Hannibal continued to fight the Romans in Italy, on their own turf, until 203 BC, a period of 15 years! For a brief biography of the general Hannibal, as well as much more information about the Battle of Cannae itself and its ongoing influence on military history, please see the article at the end of this presentation. Please see the presentation lower on this page for more information about Tuvalu and its association with Australia. Technology Note The Perth Mint of Australia employs its own proprietary colorization technology, in which the color is actually sealed on the coin. The vibrant hues and precise execution of the technology create a stunning, full-color portrait on each coin. Obverse The central color image depicts the height of the Battle of Cannae, with Romans and Carthaginians fighting in close quarters to the death. To the right is a frosted cameo proof rendition of a Carthaginian warrior dressed in protective armor, including his metal cuirass (breastplate), with sword and helmet. To the left is one of Hannibal’s war elephants, with which he crossed the Alps. To the left one can find the Perth Mint’s “P” mint mark. The legend reads THE BATTLE OF CANNAE 216 BC. Reverse Her Majesty, Queen Elizabeth II, in crowned profile facing right. This portrait, featuring Her Majesty wearing a tiara and pearl drop earrings, was executed by the sculptor Raphael Maklouf. The legend QUEEN ELIZABETH II, the date of issue and denomination also appear. Packaging The coin is encapsulated inside a handsome brown leatherette, clamshell-style presentation case, lined with black velvet and satin, and protected by a full-color outer box. An individually-numbered certificate of authenticity is included. Specifications Country Tuvalu Mint Perth Mint of Australia Year of Issue 2009 Face Value One Dollar Weight 31.135 g Diameter 40.60 mm Gauge (Thickness) 4.00 mm Mintage Limit 5,000 Finish Proof with Color Composition .999 Fine (Pure) Silver Edge Reeded (milled, serrated) Artist Raphael Maklouf (reverse) Certificate Individually Numbered Hannibal of Carthage, Consummate General Hannibal, son of Hamilcar Barca, a general and statesman, was a Carthaginian commander and tactician who is popularly credited as one of the most talented military leaders in history. His father was the leading Carthaginian commander during the First Punic War. Hannibal would later be considered as one of the greatest generals of antiquity, together with Alexander the Great, Julius Caesar, Scipio, and Pyrrhus of Epirus. Plutarch states that, when questioned by Scipio as to who was the greatest general, Hannibal is said to have replied Alexander, Pyrrhus, then himself, or, according to another version of the event, Pyrrhus, Scipio, then himself. Military historian Theodore Ayrault Dodge once famously called Hannibal the “father of strategy”, because his greatest enemy, Rome, came to adopt elements of his military tactics in its own strategic arsenal. This praise has earned him a strong reputation in the modern world and he was regarded as a “gifted strategist” by men like Napoleon Bonaparte and the Duke of Wellington. His life has been the basis for a number of films and documentaries. Hannibal and The Battle of Cannae The Battle of Cannae is as famous for Hannibal’s tactics as it is for the role it played in Roman history. Not only did Hannibal inflict a defeat on the Roman Republic in a manner unrepeated for over a century until the lesser-known Battle of Arausio, the battle itself has acquired a significant reputation within the field of military history, and has continued to influence both military leaders and students of tactics. As military historian Theodore Ayrault Dodge once wrote: Few battles of ancient times are more marked by ability… than the battle of Cannae. The position was such as to place every advantage on Hannibal’s side. The manner in which the far from perfect Hispanic and Gallic foot was advanced in a wedge in échelon… was first held there and then withdrawn step by step, until it had the reached the converse position… is a simple masterpiece of battle tactics. The advance at the proper moment of the African infantry, and its wheel right and left upon the flanks of the disordered and crowded Roman legionaries, is far beyond praise. The whole battle, from the Carthaginian standpoint, is a consummate piece of art, having no superior, few equal, examples in the history of war. To this day, Hannibal’s overwhelming victory at Cannae continues to be the “Holy Grail” of tactics. His double envelopment at the Battle of Cannae is often viewed as one of the greatest battlefield maneuvers in history, and is cited as the first successful use of the pincer movement within the Western world, to be recorded in detail. As Will Durant wrote, “It was a supreme example of generalship, never bettered in history…and it set the lines of military tactics for 2,000 years”. Apart from it being one of the greatest defeats ever inflicted on Roman arms, the Battle of Cannae represents the archetypal battle of annihilation, a strategy that has rarely been successfully implemented in modern history. As Dwight D. Eisenhower, the Supreme Commander of the Allied Expeditionary Force in World War II, once wrote, “Every ground commander seeks the battle of annihilation; so far as conditions permit, he tries to duplicate in modern war the classic example of Cannae”. Furthermore, the totality of Hannibal’s victory has made the name “Cannae” a byword for military success, and is today studied in detail in several military academies around the world. The notion that an entire army could be encircled and annihilated within a single stroke, led to a fascination among subsequent Western generals for centuries (including Frederick the Great and Helmuth von Moltke) who attempted to emulate its tactical paradigm of envelopment and re-create their own “Cannae”. For instance, Norman Schwarzkopf, the commander of the Coalition Forces in the Gulf War, studied Cannae and employed the principles Hannibal used in his highly successful ground campaign against the Iraqi forces. Hans Delbrück’s seminal study of the battle had a profound influence on subsequent German military theorists, in particular, the Chief of the German General Staff, Alfred von Schlieffen (whose eponymously-titled “Schlieffen Plan” was inspired by Hannibal’s double envelopment maneuver). Through his writings, Schlieffen taught that the “Cannae model” would continue to be applicable in maneuver warfare throughout the 20th century: A battle of annihilation can be carried out today according to the same plan devised by Hannibal in long forgotten times. The enemy front is not the goal of the principal attack. The mass of the troops and the reserves should not be concentrated against the enemy front; the essential is that the flanks be crushed. The wings should not be sought at the advanced points of the front but rather along the entire depth and extension of the enemy formation. The annihilation is completed through an attack against the enemy’s rear… To bring about a decisive and annihilating victory requires an attack against the front and against one or both flanks… Schlieffen later developed his own operational doctrine in a series of articles, many of which were later translated and published in a work entitled “Cannae”. The Island Nation of Tuvalu Tuvalu, formerly known as the Ellice Islands, is a Polynesian island nation located in the Pacific Ocean midway between Hawaii and Australia. Its nearest neighbors are Kiribati, Samoa and Fiji. It is comprised of four reef islands and five true atolls. Its population of 11,992 makes it the third-least populated independent country in the world, with only Vatican City and Nauru having fewer inhabitants. It is also the second-smallest member by population of the United Nations. In terms of physical land size, at just 10 square miles Tuvalu is the fourth smallest country in the world, larger only than the Vatican City, Monaco and Nauru. The first inhabitants of Tuvalu were Polynesian people, who arrived about 3000 years go. The islands came under Great Britain’s sphere of influence in the late 19th century. The Ellice Islands were administered by Britain as part of a protectorate from 1892 to 1916 and as part of the Gilbert and Ellice Islands Colony from 1916 to 1974. In 1974 the Ellice Islanders voted for separate British dependency status as Tuvalu, separating from the Gilbert Islands which became Kiribati upon independence. Tuvalu became fully independent within The Commonwealth in 1978. with Queen Elizabeth II as titular head of state. Because Tuvalu has few natural resources it has been dependent in recent years upon aid from larger, more developed nations, including Australia, New Zealand and the United States. The Perth Mint of Australia is officially commissioned by the government of Tuvalu to produce legal tender coinage for the island nation. Copyright © 2022 Talisman World Coins and Medals. All Rights Reserved.

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